@Article{HolandaPWSSDDSFWDABBBBCDKKKKFLMMMMPSSSSWWWZZPAP:2020:InAfBi,
author = "Holanda, Bruna A. and P{\"o}hlker, Mira L. and Walter, David and
Saturno, Jorge and S{\"o}rgel, Matthias and Ditas, Jeannine and
Ditas, Florian and Schulz, Christiane and Franco, Marco
Aur{\'e}lio and Wang, Qiaoqiao and Donth, Tobias and Artaxo,
Paulo and Barbosa, Henrique M. J. and Borrmann, Stephan and Braga,
Ramon and Brito, Joel and Cheng, Yafang and Dollner, Maximilian
and Kaiser, Johannes W. and Klimach, Thomas and Knote, Christoph
and Kr{\"u}ger, Ovid O. and F{\"u}tterer, Daniel and Lavric,
Jošt V. and Ma, Nan and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and Ming,
Jing and Morais, Fernando G. and Paulsen, Hauke and Sauer, Daniel
and Schlager, Hans and Schneider, Johannes and Su, Hang and
Weinzierl, Bernadett and Walser, Adrian and Wendisch, Manfred and
Ziereis, Helmut and Z{\"o}ger, Martin and P{\"o}schl, Ulrich and
Andreae, Meinrat O. and P{\"o}hlker, Christopher",
affiliation = "{Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max
Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Jinan University} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research} and
{Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Jinan University} and
{Leipzig University} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)}
and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry}
and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {University of Vienna} and {Max
Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit{"a}t} and {Max
Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {German Aerospace Center
(DLR)} and {Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry} and {Jinan
University} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}
and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Universidade de
S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and
{German Aerospace Center (DLR)} and {German Aerospace Center
(DLR)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck
Institute for Chemistry} and {University of Vienna} and
{University of Vienna} and {Leipzig University} and {German
Aerospace Center (DLR)} and {German Aerospace Center (DLR)} and
{Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry}",
title = "Influx of African biomass burning aerosol during the Amazonian dry
season through layered transatlantic transport of black
carbon-rich smoke",
journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
year = "2020",
volume = "20",
number = "8",
pages = "4757--4785",
month = "Apr.",
abstract = "Black carbon (BC) aerosols influence the Earth's atmosphere and
climate, but their microphysical properties, spatiotemporal
distribution, and long-range transport are not well constrained.
This study presents airborne observations of the transatlantic
transport of BC-rich African biomass burning (BB) smoke into the
Amazon Basin using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) as well
as several complementary techniques. We base our results on
observations of aerosols and trace gases off the Brazilian coast
onboard the HALO (High Altitude and LOng range) research aircraft
during the ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign in September 2014. During
flight AC19 over land and ocean at the northeastern coastline of
the Amazon Basin, we observed a BCrich layer at similar to 3.5 km
altitude with a vertical extension of similar to 0.3 km. Backward
trajectories suggest that fires in African grasslands, savannas,
and shrublands were the main source of this pollution layer and
that the observed BB smoke had undergone more than 10 d of
atmospheric transport and aging over the South Atlantic before
reaching the Amazon Basin. The aged smoke is characterized by a
dominant accumulation mode, centered at about 130 nm, with a
particle concentration of N-acc = 850 +/- 330 cm(-3). The rBC
particles account for similar to 15% of the submicrometer aerosol
mass and similar to 40% of the total aerosol number concentration.
This corresponds to a mass concentration range from 0.5 to 2 mu
gm(-3) (1st to 99th percentiles) and a number concentration range
from 90 to 530 cm(-3). Along with rBC, high cCO (150 +/- 30 ppb)
and cO3 (56 +/- 9 ppb) mixing ratios support the biomass burning
origin and pronounced photochemical aging of this layer. Upon
reaching the Amazon Basin, it started to broaden and to subside,
due to convective mixing and entrainment of the BB aerosol into
the boundary layer. Satellite observations show that the
transatlantic transport of pollution layers is a frequently
occurring process, seasonally peaking in August/September. By
analyzing the aircraft observations together with the long-term
data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), we found that
the transatlantic transport of African BB smoke layers has a
strong impact on the northern and central Amazonian aerosol
population during the BB-influenced season (July to December). In
fact, the early BB season (July to September) in this part of the
Amazon appears to be dominated by African smoke, whereas the later
BB season (October to December) appears to be dominated by South
American fires. This dichotomy is reflected in pronounced changes
in aerosol optical properties such as the single scattering albedo
(increasing from 0.85 in August to 0.90 in November) and the
BC-to-CO enhancement ratio (decreasing from 11 to 6 ngm 3 ppb 1).
Our results suggest that, despite the high fraction of BC
particles, the African BB aerosol acts as efficient cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN), with potentially important implications
for aerosol-cloud interactions and the hydrological cycle in the
Amazon.",
doi = "10.5194/acp-20-4757-2020",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4757-2020",
issn = "1680-7316 and 1680-7324",
language = "en",
targetfile = "holanda_influx.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}